To address the inherent challenges of intermittent renewable energy generation, this paper proposes a comprehensive energy optimization strategy that integrates coordinated wind–solar power dispatch with strategic battery storage capacity allocation. . This paper proposes an integrated hierarchical coordination framework for planning and operations to address the decoupling between long-term capacity planning and short-term operational scheduling in renewable energy systems and the resulting economic and reliability losses. Each phase presents new challenges requiring targeted measures to enable the secure and cost-effective uptake of VRE. Most power systems in the world are currently in low phases. Several countries with different geographies and levels of economic development. . The decarbonization and resilience enhancement of building energy systems face critical challenges due to the intermittent nature of solar/wind power and the continuous demand for heat/electricity.
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