Recent advancements in nanomaterials synthesis and characterization have enabled the creation of high-performance energy storage devices with improved energy density, stability, and lifespan. . For energy-related applications such as solar cells, catalysts, thermo-electrics, lithium-ion batteries, graphene-based materials, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage systems, nanostructured materials have been extensively studied because of their advantages of high surface to volume ratios. . The increasing demand for efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions has driven significant research and development in the field of nanotechnology. But unlike lithium, a somewhat rare element that is currently mined in only a handful of countries, sodium is cheap and found everywhere. And while today's sodium-ion. . Energy storage technologies have become increasingly essential in addressing the global transition toward renewable energy systems.
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